\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u2026 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f<\/title><br \/>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644. \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629\u061f\"><br \/>\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"\u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0633\"><br \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 - Tunimedia\">\n \t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tunimedia.tn\/ar\">\n<\/head><\/p>\n<p><body><\/p>\n<article>\n<section>\n\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629: \u062d\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631<\/h2>\n<p>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 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\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0633<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f 2011.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/ar\" target=\"_blank\">France24<\/a><br \/>\n\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/a><br \/>\n\u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u201c\u062d\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u201d\u061f (Featured Snippet)<\/h2>\n<p>\u062d\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 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{"id":66134,"date":"2026-04-06T12:07:24","date_gmt":"2026-04-06T10:07:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tunimedia.tn\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%83%d9%85%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%82%d8%b6%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b4%d9%88%d9%82%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a8%d8%9f\/"},"modified":"2026-04-06T12:07:24","modified_gmt":"2026-04-06T10:07:24","slug":"%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%83%d9%85%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%82%d8%b6%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b4%d9%88%d9%82%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a8%d8%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tunimedia.tn\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%83%d9%85%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%82%d8%b6%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b4%d9%88%d9%82%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a8%d8%9f\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628\u061f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629: \u062d\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631<\/h2>\n<p>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0640:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0633<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f 2011.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/ar\" target=\"_blank\">France24<\/a><br \/>\n\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\" target=\"_blank\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/a><br \/>\n\u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u201c\u062d\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u201d\u061f (Featured Snippet)<\/h2>\n<p>\u062d\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 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