{"id":3678,"date":"2019-03-28T13:47:01","date_gmt":"2019-03-28T12:47:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tunimedia.tn\/ar\/?p=3678"},"modified":"2019-03-28T13:47:01","modified_gmt":"2019-03-28T12:47:01","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84%d9%88%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%b1%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tunimedia.tn\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84%d9%88%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%b1%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 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\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0629 (1952 &#8211; 1972)<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a 28 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1898.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1925.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1925 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1948.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1949 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1950 \u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1952 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1952.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1952 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u064a 1972.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1956 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a 20 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a 1992.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 (1972 &#8211; 1979)<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a 8 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a 1917 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0635\u0631).<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1936 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1942.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0622\u0648\u062a 1948.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0633&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0641\u0631\u064a 1949 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 (1949-1952).<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1955 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1958.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1958 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1962 .<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1964 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1972\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1972.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 1972 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1979.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a 24 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a 1992.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0630\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a (1979 &#8211; 1990)<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f 6 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1925 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1947\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1950.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1957 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u063a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a .<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a 1958\u060c \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1961 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1970 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645.\u0623\u0633\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1971 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1973 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1976 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1978 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1974 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1976 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1978 \u0625\u0644\u0649 28 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 1979\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a 2 \u0622\u0648\u062a 1990 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0641\u064a\u0641\u0631\u064a 1970.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f 1991 &#8211; 2001<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 22 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1923\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 1951.\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 (1954-1956)\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 (1957-1961)\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 (1970-1972)\u060c \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 (1972-1983)\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1984\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1985.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1954 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1957 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1974.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 (2001 \u2013 2011)<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a 3 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1936 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1957.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1958 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1981\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 1983\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 1990 \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1991 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2011.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a 2001 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a (2011-2016)<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a 15 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1935 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1969 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1971.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1987 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1991\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1991 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1999\u060c \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2001 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2006\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2008 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2011\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1973 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1975\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1978 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1985 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1989.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 1996.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 2011 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0637 (\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2016)<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0637 \u064a\u0648\u0645 12 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 1942 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1964.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1965 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1992 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1996\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1999 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2004 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2004 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2011.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2016 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\/\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/tunimedia.tn\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/wp-1553777189708.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"wp-1553777189708\" class=\"alignnone size-full\"  alt=\"image\" src=\"https:\/\/tunimedia.tn\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/wp-1553777189708.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629_\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3677,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"yst_prominent_words":[],"class_list":["post-3678","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/tunimedia.tn\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/wp-1553777189708.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paDHaC-Xk","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunimedia.tn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3678","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunimedia.tn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunimedia.tn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunimedia.tn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunimedia.tn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3678"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tunimedia.tn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3678\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunimedia.tn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3677"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tunimedia.tn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3678"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunimedia.tn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3678"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunimedia.tn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3678"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tunimedia.tn\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=3678"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}